NUMBERS: All numbers used are real numbers.
FIGURES: Figures accompanying problems in this section provide information useful in solving the problems. They are drawn as accurately as possible; however, when a figure is not drawn to scale, more information will be provided. It is given that all figures lie in a plane unless otherwise stated.
1. In a particular state, the sales tax is 91/2 percent. In that state what will be the total cost of a $110 suit?
DIRECTIONS: Each passage is followed by questions based on its content. After reading the passage, choose the best answer to each question. Answer all questions based on what is indicated or implied in that passage.
The ocean is constantly in motion - not just in the waves and tides that characterize its surface but in great currents that swirl between continents, moving (among other things) great quantities of heat from one part of the world to another. Beneath these surface currents are others, deeply hidden, that flow as often as not in an entirely different direction from the surface course.
These enormous "rivers" - quite unconstant, sometimes shifting, often branching and eddying in a manner that defies explanation and prediction - occasionally create disastrous results. One example is El Niño, the periodic catastrophe that plagues the west coast of South America. This coast normally is caressed by the cold, rich Humboldt Current. Usually the Humboldt hugs the shore and extends 200 to 300 miles out to sea. It is rich in life. It fosters the largest commercial fishery in the world and is the home of one of the mightiest game fish on record, the black marlin. The droppings of marine birds that feed from its waters are responsible for the fertilizer (guano) exports that undergird the Chilean, Peruvian, and Ecuadorian economies.
Every few years, however, the Humboldt disappears. It moves out from the shore or simply sinks, and a flow of warm, exhausted surface water known as El Niño takes its place. Simultaneously, torrential rains assault the coast. Fish and birds die by the millions. Commercial fisheries are closed. The beaches reek with death. El Niño is a stark demonstration of man's dependence on the sea and why he must learn more about it.
There are other motions in the restless sea. The water masses are constantly "turning over" in a cycle that may take hundreds of years, yet it is essential to bring oxygen down to the creatures of the deeps, and nutrients (fertilizers) up from the sea floor to the surface. Here the floating phytoplankton (the plants of the sea) build through photosynthesis the organic material that will start the nutrient cycle all over again. Enormous tonnages of these tiny sea plants, rather than being rooted in the soil, are separated from solid earth by up to several vertical miles of saltwater. Sometimes, too, there is a more rapid surge of deep water to the surface, a process known as upwelling.
Internal waves, far below the surface, develop between water masses that have different densities and between which there is relative motion. These waves are much like the wind-driven waves on the surface, though much bigger: Internal waves may have heights of 300 feet or more and be six miles or more in length.
I. How does "turning over" contribute to the nutrient cycle? II. Why does the Chilean guano industry suffer from the presence of El Niño? III. Why are the movements of under-surface "rivers" unpredictable?
DIRECTIONS: Each of the data sufficiency problems below contains a question and two statements, labeled (1) and (2), in which certain data are given. Decide whether the data given in the statements are sufficient for answering the question. Using the data given in the statements plus your knowledge of mathematics and everyday facts choose:
(A) if Statement (1) ALONE is sufficient, but statement (2) alone is not sufficient to answer the question asked;
(B) if Statement (2) ALONE is sufficient, but statement (1) alone is not sufficient to answer the question asked;
(C) if BOTH Statements (1) and (2) TOGETHER are sufficient to answer the question asked, but NEITHER statement ALONE is sufficient;
(D) if EACH Statement ALONE is sufficient to answer the question asked;
(E) if Statements (1) and (2) TOGETHER are NOT sufficient to answer the questions asked, and additional data specific to the problem are needed.
NUMBERS: All numbers are real numbers.
FIGURES: A figure in this section will conform to the information given, but will not necessarily conform to the additional information given in the numbered Statements (1) and (2).
NOTES: Lines are straight if shown as straight, and angle measures are greater than zero.
The position of points, angles, regions, etc., exist in the order shown.
All figures lie in a plane unless otherwise stated.
(1) Jane drives the trip at an average speed of 50 kilometers per hour. (2) Sally takes 3 hours to drive between the two cities.
(1) The sum of the perimeters is 16 units. (2) The sum of the area of the circle and the area of the square is 21 square units.
(1) Area of DABC = four times area of DADE. (2) AC = 4 units.
DIRECTIONS: In each of the following sentences, some part of the sentence or the entire sentence is underlined. The five answer choices give various ways of phrasing the underlined part. The first choice repeats the given sentence. Pay attention to grammar, choice of words, and sentence construction in order to select the best version of the sentence. Choose (A) if you think the given sentence is correct.
DIRECTIONS: For each question in this section, select the best answer.
A reader who is not a resident of Modern, USA, would be most likely to purchase Fizzy Pop if he or she drew which of the following questionable conclusions invited by the advertisement?
Questions 14-15 are based on the following.
The defeated candidate addressed her political party tonight at the final gathering of this election year. She talked to them about the platform of her opponent and pointed out many questions he left unanswered in their recent televised debate. She concluded by listing the many defeats suffered by Abraham Lincoln before he finally was elected President of the United States. She stated that she planned to pursue her political career despite this defeat.
DIRECTIONS: Solve each problem using space on the page for scratchwork. Indicate the best answer from the choices given.
is what percent of 1.5?
DIRECTIONS: In an essay, develop a position on the issue below by investigating the different angles of the issue, and explaining your thoughts on the topic. Remember, there is no one "correct" response to the essay topic.
Before starting, read the essay topic and its question(s). You may make preliminary notes in your test booklet before writing the actual essay. Be sure to write your essay on the lined pages provided at the back of the book.
The assumption that the creation of responsible citizens is one of the main purposes of our school system raises complicated questions: what is a responsible citizen, and how can school-based practices be employed in the creation of one? There are many ideas about possible educational reforms which aim to answer these questions. At one extreme are those who demand a return to a more traditional education, who advise a study of more classical, scholarly subjects. At the other extreme are those who feel that any skill a student exhibits, from painting to auto mechanics, should be stressed as strongly as math or English.
Which educational method do you think would be the most effective? Why? What flaws do you find in the other theory? Explain your position using relevant reasons and examples drawn from your own experience, observations, or reading.
DIRECTIONS: In essay form, prepare a review on the position of the argument provided below. Before taking your own position on the argument's standpoint, it may be helpful to determine the method of thinking behind the argument itself. For example, consider alternative explanations to any assumptions the argument might make, and any evidence or examples that may strengthen or weaken the argument. Remember, there is no one "correct" response to the essay topic.
It has long been known that a lifestyle in which the diet consists predominantly of fruits, vegetables, and grains is the most healthy. Studies have shown that eating a lot of meat can contribute to heart disease and high cholesterol. A trip to the grocery store can verify that meat is a more expensive source of protein than tofu, eggs, cheese, nuts, and grains. Most importantly, it has become obvious that raising livestock is the least economically sound food production method available. The land used to raise food for livestock could be much more efficiently used to grow food that could feed the hungry people of the world. It may seem difficult to change the system, but we can certainly change our own lifestyle. How can we not when we see the pleading eyes of starving children staring at us in the pages of a magazine, and we realize that if everyone in the world was a vegetarian, no one would have to go hungry?
What is the main point of this argument? Do you think the author had a specific goal in mind when making this argument? Do you think this argument is effective? What are its strengths and what are its weaknesses?
