SHORTCUTS: AP CLEP GRE/LSAT/MCAT/GMAT™ SAT











AP EUROPEAN HISTORY Practice Test
DIRECTIONS: Each of the questions or incomplete statements below is followed by five suggested answers or completions. Select the one that is best in each case.
1. Henry VIII's principal assistant in enhancing monarchial controls during the 1530s was
    A. Thomas Cranmer.
    B. Thomas More.
    C. Thomas Wolsey.
    D. William Cecil.
    E. Thomas Cromwell.

2. René Descartes maintained or has been credited with all of the following EXCEPT
    A. first publication of the discovery of coordinate or analytical geometry.
    B. developing the science of optics through the laws of refraction of light.
    C. established as his famous philosophic starting place: "cogito ergo sum" — I think therefore I am.
    D. the concept of God was unnecessary in his concept of the universe.
    E. Cartesian Dualism was the link between the physical and spiritual worlds.

3. For several decades during the late 17th century Austria fought on two fronts against which two countries?
    A. Italy and Prussia
    B. England and Russia
    C. France and the Ottoman Empire
    D. Prussia and the Ottoman Empire
    E. France and Italy

4. The Reform Bills of 1832, 1867, and 1884_85 in Great Britain resulted in
    A. eliminating child labor abuses in the textile industry.
    B. eliminating the power of the House of Lords.
    C. alleviating the most drastic problems confronting the Irish.
    D. extending the franchise and redistributing the seats in Parliament.
    E. giving the vote to all adults over 21.

5. During the era of the French Revolution, the Thermidorean Reaction
    A. initiated the Reign of Terror.
    B. resulted in the dissolution of the National Assembly.
    C. terminated the Reign of Terror and led to the execution of Robespierre.
    D. was the direct cause of the rise of Napoleon.
    E. witnessed the execution of Louis XVI and Marie Antoinette.

6. Which of the following intellectuals did not participate in the Enlightenment?
    A. Edward Gibbon
    B. David Hume
    C. Benjamin Franklin
    D. Leopold von Ranke
    E. Adam Smith

7. The era of the Napoleonic Wars was concluded by the
    A. Peace of Utrecht.
    B. Congress of Berlin.
    C. Peace of Westphalia.
    D. Congress of Vienna.
    E. Peace of Paris.

8. The Decembrist Revolution of 1825 occurred in
    A. Prussia.
    B. France.
    C. Austria.
    D. Russia.
    E. Spain.

9. Charles Fourier, Robert Owen, and Claude Saint-Simon can best be described as
    A. anarchists.
    B. Marxists.
    C. advocates of capitalism.
    D. pre-Marxist socialists.
    E. revisionists.

10. The Frankfurt Assembly was
    A. a Pan-German assembly interested in the formulation of an integrated union of German states.
    B. Bismarck's instrument to bring about a Prussian-dominated Germany.
    C. a group of German representatives who were concerned primarily with local economic issues.
    D. an Austrian effort to obstruct Bismarck's plan for German unification.
    E. a group dedicated to the Grossdeutsch plan.

11. The failure of the Revolutions of 1848 may be attributed to all the following factors EXCEPT
    A. the continuing loyalty of the armed forces to the old leadership.
    B. the intelligence and cunning of the old leadership in manipulating the revolutionary forces.
    C. the lack of effective organization among the nationalist revolutionaries in Eastern and Southern Europe.
    D. the failure of the liberal revolutionaries in Central Europe to address serious social and economic issues.
    E. the acceptance of political reforms by the liberal revolutionaries in the West at the expense of social and economic considerations.

12. The New Economic Plan (NEP) was
    A. Lenin's plan to revitalize the Russian economy after the Russian Civil War.
    B. a scheme developed by Trotsky to enhance his control over the Communist Party organization through economic concessions.
    C. Gorbachev's 1989 plan for the restructuring of the Russian economy.
    D. Nicholas II's last attempt to recover political support through economic concessions.
    E. the name given to Stalin's first economic plan which emphasized collective farming and improvements in heavy industry.

13. Oscar Wilde's Portrait of Dorian Gray and Thomas Mann's Death in Venice
    A. are examples of the romantic literature which dominated the literary scene at the turn of the 20th century.
    B. embodied a new symbolist direction in literature which addressed themes which were ignored previously.
    C. emphasized a new sense of realism in literature.
    D. were representative of a literary movement known as expressionism.
    E. were not well received by the intellectuals of the era.

14. All of the following inventions were made after 1830 and expanded the scope of the Industrial Revolution EXCEPT
    A. Ericsson's screw propeller.
    B. Faraday's discovery of electromagnetic induction.
    C. Daguerre's invention of photography.
    D. Goodyear's rubber vulcanization.
    E. John Kay's "flying shuttle."

15. The Treaty of Rome (1957) established which of the following?
    A. European Free Trade Association
    B. Colombo Plan
    C. Council of Europe
    D. European Economic Community
    E. European Coal and Steel Community

16. The Vienna Summit
    A. Between Kennedy and Khrushchev was disrupted by the U-2 spy plane crisis.
    B. Between Eisenhower and Khrushchev was disrupted by the U-2 spy plane crisis.
    C. Between Nixon and Khrushchev was disrupted by the U-2 spy plane crisis.
    D. Between Kennedy and Khrushchev focused on nuclear test ban negotiations and the war in Laos.
    E. led to the establishment of NATO.

17. The text of Denis Diderot's Encyclopedia was centered primarily on
    A. theology.
    B. technology.
    C. history.
    D. philosophy.
    E. poetry.

18. Who was the first individual to serve as Prime Minister of Great Britain?
    A. William Pitt
    B. William Gladstone
    C. Lord Palmerston
    D. Lord North
    E. Robert Walpole

19. "Men are born, and always continue free and equal in respect of their rights. Civil distinctions, therefore, can be founded only on public utility." In 1789 these statements were part of
    A. the Bill of Rights.
    B. the Constitution of the Year III.
    C. the Declaration of the Rights of Man and the Citizen.
    D. Quesnay's statement on Physiocrat philosophy.
    E. What Is the Third Estate? by Abbé Siéyès.

20. Who replaced Margaret Thatcher as Prime Minister of Great Britain?
    A. John Major
    B. George Mitchell
    C. Clement Atlee
    D. Edward Heath
    E. Robert Owen

 
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